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Choosing the Sex of a Child-A Risky Business
Title:Evaluating sex chromosome content of sorted human sperm
samples with use of dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization
Author: W.E. Richards et al.
Address: Houston, Texas
Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 176: 1172-1180
(June) 1997
Summary: Twelve sperm banks form the US and Canada were contacted
as to the availability of X or Y enriched samples. Four banks had stated
the service was available, but only one was willing to release samples for
study. Enriched samples were sorted using two sets of X and Y chromosome
-specific, fluorophore-labeled deoxyribonucleic acid probes and evaluated
for classification of hybridization efficiency, aneuploidy, and sex chromosome
content by 3 blinded observers. The authors found a small, but significant,
shift in the sex chromosome rations among samples. However, this shift was
the opposite that purported by the commercial supplier.
Comment:There was the obstetrician who always correctly predicted
the sex of the baby at the first obstetric visit. He would tell the parents
one sex and record the opposite in their chart. When born, if the sex was
opposite that predicted, he would show the couple the record. Then, there
was the billionaire from the Middle East who offered the IVF program $2
million for an absolute guarantee of a male child. Germinated in folklore
and propagated by todays sophisticated technology, sex selection remains
a favored topic for prospective parents, research laboratories, ethicist
and entrepreneurs. Preimplantation diagnosis is very accurate , but requires
IVF blastomere biopsy, and is only possible in several labs worldwide and
is not offered except to exclude transmission of sex chromosome linked diseases.
The separation of X and Y bearing sperm should be possible in the future,
but to date no procedure has been shown valid enough for widespread adoption.
There are several new techniques that offer promise, but the statistics
are not there yet. There is a terrific market force pushing a development
of this technology. Let the buyer beware. Worldwide, sex selection, almost
exclusively toward males, may prevent the the current practice of abortion
of female fetuses and there are ethical arguments for this technology. But
in final analysis, even if we can should we?