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St. John's Wort
Title: Second thoughts about safety of St. John's wort
Author: E. Ernst
Address: Exeter, UK
Source: The Lancet 354: 2014-2015 (December) 1999
Summary: Several reports have raised the possibility of important
interactions between hypericum extracts and various prescribed drugs. At least 8
cases have been reported that suggest that hypericum extracts are potent inducers
of hepatic enzymes. In all cases the patients were women (this may be a
coincidence since women use hypericum extracts more frequently than men do),
plasma concentrations of the concomitant medication were reduced, and all the
comedications are metabolized by hepatic cytochrome P450 microsomal oxidase
enzymes. Two recent preclinical studies confirm that hypericum extracts are
hepatic enzyme inducers in humans. Other important interactions have been
reported. Concomitant use of hypericum extracts in 5 patients while they were on
a stable dose of serotonin-reuptake inhibitors has resulted in symptoms
characteristic of central serotonin excess. Given the widespread use of hypericum
extracts, the implications of the emerging evidence of adverse reactions are
potentially serious. Even though the interaction data are preliminary, attention
to 3 precepts seem prudent. Doctors should be aware that administration (or
discontinuation) of hypericum extracts may significantly affect blood
concentrations or many prescribed medicines. Patients must be encouraged to
discuss their use of herbal remedies with their physician, and the prevalent
misconception that natural always equates with harmless must be effectively
refuted. Finally, regulatory bodies should take a fresh look at whether herbal
medicines need regulation, since the perception of "risk free" may reflect
incomplete understanding.