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Progestins and breast cancer
Title:Menopausal estrogen and estrogen-progestin replacement
therapy and breast cancer risk
Author: C. Schairer, et al.
Address: Rockville, MD
Source:JAMA 283: 485-491 (January) 2000
Summary: A total of 46,355 postmenopausal women were studied to determine
if the increased risk of breast cancer associated with the estrogen-progestin
regimen is greater than those associated with estrogen alone. The average age of
participants was 58 years and the average length of follow-up was 10.2 years.
During the time period studied, 2082 cases of breast cancer were identified.
Increases in risk with estrogen only and estrogen-progestin only were restricted
to use within the previous 4 years with relative risk (RR) 1.2 for estrogen only
and 1.4 for estrogen-progestin only. The RR increased by 0.01 with each year of
estrogen only use and by 0.08 with each year of estrogen-progestin. Risk in
heavier women did not increase with use of estrogen only or estrogen-progestin
only. Researchers concluded that their data indicated that the estrogen-progestin
regimen increases breast cancer risk beyond that associated with estrogen
alone.
Comment: A relative risk of 1 suggests that there is neither an increase
nor decrease in an event happening. A RR of 1.2 indicates a 20% increase, or in this
study, from about 4% to about a 5% chance of developing breast cancer. Most
studies thus far have hovered around RR of 1, most very slightly above 1. In
evaluating the value of estrogen replacement, a useful comparison is that there
are 4 times as many women who die as a result of a hip fracture than breast
cancer. The above adds data, still total benefit versus total risk should be
considered.