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Risk of miscarriage related to amount of caffeine consumed
Title: Caffeine intake and the risk of first-trimester spontaneous abortion
Author: S. Cnattingius, et al.
Address: Stockholm, Sweden
Source: The New England Journal of Medicine 343:1839-1845 (December) 2000
Summary: Although there have been epidemiologic studies suggesting that
the consumption of caffeine increases the risk of spontaneous abortion, results
of these studies have been inconsistent. Thus, researchers conducted a
population-based, case-control study of early spontaneous abortion. Subjects
consisted of 562 women who had spontaneous abortion at 6 to 12 completed
gestation and 953 controls matched according to week gestation and who did not
have spontaneous abortion. Researchers used the following conversion factors to
estimate the intake of caffeine: 150 ml of coffee, 115 mg of caffeine if brewed,
90 mg if boiled, and 60 mg if instant; for 150 ml of tea, 39 mg if loose or tea
bag; for 150 ml of soft drinks, 15 mg; and for 1 g of chocolate (bar), 0.3 mg.
The women who had spontaneous abortion were significantly older than the control
subjects, more likely to have been born outside the Nordic countries, and more
likely to have had previous pregnancies and previous spontaneous abortions.
Nausea (with or without vomiting) and tiredness as symptoms of pregnancy were
more prevalent and severe among controls. The adjusted odds ratio for spontaneous
abortion in women who ingested at least 100 mg of caffeine per day, as compared
to those who ingested less than 100 mg per day were: 100 to 299 mg per day --
odds ratio, 1.3 (95% confidence interval, 0.9 to 1.7); 300 to 499 mg per day --
odds ratio, 1.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.0 to 2.1); and 50 mg or more per day
-- odds ratio, 1.4 (95% confidence interval, 0.9 to 2.2). Among nonsmokers, more
spontaneous abortions occurred in women who ingested at least 100 mg of caffeine
per day, with the increase in risk related to the amount ingested.
Comment: I take this to mean that a modest intake of caffeine is OK.